Introduction:
This project is used in Airports to
announce the name of the particular person to collect their baggage at the
baggage counter. Nowadays the baggage will be moving in a conveyor belt and the
concern person will watch for their respective bags and collect them. This
project, instead automatically announces the name of the particular person to
collect it, so that the persons need not stand at the conveyor. This helps to reduce the congestion at the
baggage counter
Operation:
A RFID Tag is attached to every
baggage. A RFID reader is fixed on the
conveyor. So when the baggage comes near
the reader, it’s code is read by the reader and it checks the database for the
name of the particular person and announces it through the speaker.
For announcing the name we have used a
APR 9600 which is a voice storage and retrieval device.
An LCD Display is also provided to
display the name in the lcd.
For the conveyor movement we have used
a stepper motor.
The Main Heart of the system is the
PIC Embedded 16F877 Microcontroller which is used to control every operation.
The Project Block diagram is given
below.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
RF technology is used in many different applications, such as
television, radio, cellular phones, radar, and automatic identification
systems. The term RFID (radio frequency identification) describes the use of
radio frequency signals to provide automatic identification of items.
RFID is similar in concept to bar coding. Bar code systems
use a reader and coded labels that are attached to an item, whereas RFID uses a
reader and special RFID devices that are attached to an item. Bar code uses
optical signals to transfer information from the label to the reader; RFID uses
RF signals to transfer information from the RFID device to the reader.
Radio waves transfer data between an item to which an RFID
device is attached and an RFID reader. The device can contain data about the
item, such as what the item is, what time the device traveled through a certain
zone, perhaps even a parameter such as temperature. RFID devices, such as a tag
or label, can be attached to virtually anything – from a vehicle to a pallet of
merchandise.
RFID technology uses frequencies within the range of 50 kHz
to 2.5 GHz. An RFID system typically includes the
following components:
• An
RFID device (transponder or tag) that contains data about an item
• An
antenna used to transmit the RF signals between the reader and the RFID device
• An
RF transceiver that generates the RF signals
• A
reader that receives RF transmissions from an RFID device and passes the data
to a host system for processing
In addition to this basic RFID equipment, an RFID system
includes application-specific software.
RFID tag IC’s are designed and manufactured using some of the
most advanced and smallest geometry silicon processes available. The result is
impressive, when you consider that the size of a UHF tag chip is around 0.3 mm2
PIC MICRO CONTROLLER
Other than the normal
Microcontrollers PIC Family supports more features, so we have chosen PIC
16F877 as the main controller. The Main
features and Peripherals features are discussed below.
3.1
Core Features:
•
High performance RISC CPU
•
Only 35 single word instructions to learn
• All
single cycle instructions except for program Branches which are two cycle
•
Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input
DC - 200 ns
instruction cycle
• Up
to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory,
Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
•
Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)
•
Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes
•
Power-on Reset (POR)
•
Power-up Timer (PWRT) and
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
•
Processor read/write access to program memory
•
Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V
•
Low-power consumption:
- < 0.6 mA typical @ 3V, 4 MHz
-
<
1 µA typical standby current
Peripheral
Features:
•
Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler
•
Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during
SLEEP
•
Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and
postscaler
•
10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter
•
Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (Master mode) and 12C(Master/Slave)
•
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with
9-bit address detection
• Parallel Slave Port
(PSP) 8-bits wide, with external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-pin only)
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